Seek Retribution

The game engine doesn't really allow any of these to be possible. Mainly because of the title tier setup, a vassal of someone cannot declare war on somebody else's vassal. So the Umbers under the North could never declare war on the Crakehalls under the Westlands regardless of what dishonor or murder has transpired between them.
Another thing is that cbs that target a single specific character don't really exist. The closest would be pushing someone else's claim, but that is targeting the claim more than the character and even those are likely to end inconclusively should the claimant die.

1 - You can't declare war on somebody who has your immediate family prisoner/hostage. But even if you could, how would it work? You could hypothetically win the war from warscore without even touching the province that the prisoner is in, that wouldn't make much sense. If the AI just executed the prisoner (which it would) or the prisoner simply died, the war would just end.
2 - Between the demands vengeance cb, the rival mechanics and blood feuds, I think is already about as possible as it could get.
3 - This is maybe doable with some fiddling around but it would have to be done through interacting with the liege not the actual plotter.
4 - I don't believe the game tracks plot killers who get away with it. There's also not really a way to limit it, so it could theoretically be used to investigate the death of relatives from 1000s of years ago.
5 - Again, the game doesn't track who cut who's hand off

Basically, Tywin attacking the Riverlands because Tyrion is in either Ned or Robin's dungeon is not something that is possible within the game engine. The closest thing to achieve some of your desires though would be to just allow every religion to use the raiding mechanics.